RAM DEFINITIONS The word "memory" is used to describe an electronic circuit that is able to accommodate data and program instructions. Memory can be thought of as a workspace for computer and memory also determines the size and number of programs that can run in the same time, as well as the amount of data that can be processed. Memory is sometimes referred to as the primary storage, primary memory, main storage, main memory, internal storage or also random access memory (RAM). There are four types of computer memory, namely:1. random access memory 2. read only memory 3. CMOS memory 4. virtual memoryThe memory function stores the application systems, control systems, and data that is operating or processed. The larger the memory capacity will increase Traffic computer. Memory is measured in KB or MB.Random Access Memory (RAM), a part of memory that can be used by the users to store programs and data. Most of the RAM is said to be volatile. This means that if the power is unplugged from the computer and computer tersebu dead, then all content that is in RAM will be lost permanently. Because RAM is temporary and volatile, then the person creating a medium other permanent storage. This is usually referred to as secondary storage. Secondary storage is durable and not too volatile, this means all data or programs stored in it can still exist even if the power or the power is turned off. Some examples of secondary storage, for instance, is a magnetic tape, hard drives, magnetic disks and optical disks.TYPES OF RAMBased on the workings:1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM)* Fast Page Mode DRAM (FPM DRAM) * Extended Data Output DRAM (EDO DRAM) * Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) * Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) * Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM) * For video: 1. Video RAM (VRAM) 2. Windows RAM (WRAM) 3. Synchronous Graphics RAM (SGRAM)2. Static RAM (SRAM)Based on the Module:1. Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM), Having a capacity of 30 or 72 pins. 30 pin SIMM memory to use the PC era, so 80 486 80 286 and operates at 16 bits. Memory 72 pin for PC berasaskan widely used Pentium and operates at 32 bits. Speed was referred following the term ns (nano second) as 80ns, 70ns, 60ns and so on. The smaller the value the higher speeds. DRAM (dynamic RAM) and EDO RAM (extended data-out RAM) using SIMM. DRAMs store bits in a storage cell (storage cells) as a value electrically (electrical charge) that must be refesh hundreds of times every time to set (retain) the data. EDO RAM is faster type of DRAM, EDO takes in the output data, in which he takes in between the CPU and RAM. This type of memory is no longer used on the computer lately. 2. Double Inline Memory Module (DIMM), Capacity 168 pin, both the memory modules is active, every surface is 84 pins. This is different than the SIMM that works only on the side of the module only. Support 64 bits of data delivery. SDRAM (synchronous DRAM) using DIMM. Is a substitute of DRAM, FPM (fast page memory) and EDO. SDRAM controller (synchronizes) to the same memory with the CPU clock for faster data transfer. and there are two namely speed 100MHz (PC100) and 133MHz (PC133). 3. RIMM (Rambus), once known as RDRAM. Is a type of SDRAM that is made by Rambus. DRDRAM used for CPUs from Intel's high-speed. The transfer of data the same as DDR SDRAM but has two data channels to improve. Also recognized as a kerkelajuan PC800 400MHz. Operates in the form of 16 bits instead of 64 bits. There currently are DRDRAM 1066MHz speed, known as RIMM (Rambus inline memory module). DRDRAM model 4200 32-bit RIMM 4.2gb deliver every time at a speed of 1066MHz.Based on the number of pins: 30 pins, 72 pins, 168 pinsBased on its speed (nanosecond)There are several types of RAM in the market to date are:1. FPM DRAM (Fast Page Mode Random Access Memory), RAM is the most first plugged in the slot 30 pin mainboard computer memory, where the RAM can be found in a computer-type 286 and 386. This type of memory are no longer manufactured. 2. EDO RAM (Extended Data Out Random Access Memory), RAM has the ability to type faster in reading and transferring data compared with the normal RAM. Slots for EDO memory - RAM is 72 pins. EDO-RAM form is longer than the RAM that is a Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM). Has a speed of more than 66 Mhz 3. Bedo RAM (Burst EDO RAM), RAM is the development of EDO RAM that has a speed of more than 66 MHz. 4. SD RAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), RAM has the capability of this type at the top of EDO-RAM. SD memory slot for RAM is 168 pins. SD is a form of RAM Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM). Has a speed above 100 MHz. 5. RD RAM (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory). This type of RAM has a very high speed, first used for a computer with a Pentium 4 processor. Memory slots for RAM is 184 pin RD. RD RAM is a form of Rate Inline Memory Module (RIMM). Has the speed to 800 MHz. 6. DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM). This type of RAM has a very high speed by doubling the speed of SD RAM, and a lot of RAM currently available. This type of RAM consumes little electric power. The memory slots for DDR SDRAM is 184 pins, it's the RIMM.RAM consists of a set of chips. These chips are able to accommodate:* Data to be processed; * instructions or programs, to process data; * data that has been processed and waiting to be sent to the output devices, secondary storage or communication device as well; * operating system instructions that control the basic functions of computer systemsAll data and programs that are inserted through the input devices will be stored in advance in the main memory, especially in the RAM which is memory that can dimasup (on access), meaning daapt charged and taken it by the programmer.The structure of the RAM is divided into 4 sections, namely:1. Input storage, used to accommodate the input is entered via the input device 2. Program storage, used to store all the program instructions that will be in the process 3. Working storage, used for storing data to be processed and the results of processing 4. Output storage, used to hold the final result of processing the data to be displayed to the output deviceInput is entered through the input device, first accommodated in advance in the input storage, when the input shaped the program, then transferred to the program and when berbentik data storage, will be moved into working storage. The results of the processing is also accommodated in the working storage and the results will be displayed to the output device was transferred to the output storage.RAM has the ability to perform checks of its stored data, which is called parity check. When data is lost or damaged, it can be seen from an additional bit called a parity bit or check bit. To understand the capacity of the RAM, then some of the following terminology is often used.* Bit, which is a binary numbering system that represents the smallest unit of data in a computer system. A bit consists of only two digits are 1 and 0. Inside a computer, a 0 means an electronic or magnetic signals is no or absent, while 1 means the opposite. * Byte, which is a group of eight bits. A byte represents one character, one digit or one value. The capacity of computer memory, or RAM, is expressed in bytes or a set of bytes.Eg 1 byte in RAM memory consists of 8 bits, a parity bit is used a bit extra, so be 9 bits.There are two kinds of ways in which the parity check, ie checking pariti even (even parity check) and checking pariti odd (odd parity check). Even parity check indicates the number of 1 bits for each bit in a byte and bit pariti have an even number (even), if an odd number means there is damage to the data. For example the character "C" in the ASCII 8-bit system in the form:By way of even parity check, at the time the data was recorded, filled with bits 1 parity bit so that the number of bits of a value is even, as follows:At the time the data is retrieved for use, it will be checked terhadapm bits-bits. If there is damage to bits, for example, replaced one of the bits from bit 1 to bit 0 or bit 0 to bit 1, then the number of 1 bits in a byte will not be an even number and will be detected by the CPU.Odd parity check indicates the number of 1 bits for each bit in a byte and its parity bits must be odd (odd), if an even number means there is damage to the data. For example the character "C" in the 8-bit ASCII code system by way of odd parity check should be recorded as follows:If the number of 1 bits in a byte is not an odd number, it means that there are data errors.
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